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Data on Blindness and Visual Impairment in EMR and Africa

WHO releases the new global estimates on visual impairment

Using the most up to date studies, WHO estimates that the number of people with visual impairment (presenting vision) is 285 million Of these, 246 million have low vision (and 39 million are estimated to be blind. The Africa region constituted 15% of world blindness while the EMR had 12.6% of world total blindness.
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2010 Global and regional Blindness and Visual Impairment

  World Africa EMR
Total Population (in millions) 6737.5 804.9 580.2
Number of blind (in millions) 39.37 5.89 4.92
Number with low vision (in millions) 246.02 20.41 18.58
Total with visual impairment (in millions) 285.39 26.30 23.50

Source
Pascolini D, Mariotti SP. Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010. British Journal Ophthalmology Online First published December 1, 2011 as 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300539.

Causes of Blindness in Africa and EMR Regions in 2002

Causes % of Blindness
World Africa EMR
Afr D Afr E EMR B EMR D
Cataract 47.8 50 55 49 49
Glaucoma 12.3 15 15 10 11
Trachoma 3.6 6.2 7.4 3.2 5.5
Corneal opacities 5.1 8 12 5.5 5
Diabetic retinopathy 4.8 - - 3 3
AMD 8.7 - - 3 2
Childhood Blindness 3.9 5.2 5.5 4.1 3.2
Onchocerciasis 0.8 6 2 - -
Others 13 9.6 3.2 22.2 21.3

Source
Serge Resnikoff, Donatella Pascolini, Daniel Etya’ale, Ivo Kocur, Ramachandra Pararajasegaram, Gopal P. Pokharel and Silvio P. Mariotti. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. WHO Bulletin 2004: Vol. 82 – No. 11: pp 844-851

Countries' Categorization by WHO

AFR D-
Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkino Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, E-Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, G-Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Sao tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Togo

AFR E-
Botswana, Burundi, Central African Republic, Congo, Cote D’ voire, Eritrea, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

EMR B –
Bahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE, Tunisia

EMR D-
Afghanistan, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen

Results of RAABs + Diabetic Retinopathy surveys in Saudi Arabia

Parameters AHSA region JIZAN region* TAIF region**
Sample size 2842 3659 3052
Response rate (%) 94.7 96.3 92.5
Blindness and Visual Impairment
Prevalence of blindness % (Age and sex adjusted) 6.2 3.3 2.0
Prevalence of blindness % (sample) 6.4 5.7 2.6
Prevalence of Severe Visual Impairment % (Age and sex adjusted) 3.8 2.3 1.5
Prevalence of Severe Visual Impairment % (sample) 4.3 2.7 1.7
Major causes of blindness (%)
Cataract 43.1 58.6 41
Posterior Segment and CNS Diseases 13.3 10 7.9
Other Corneal Scar 9.4 9.5 6.3
Phthisis 8.8 1.4 3
Surgical Complications 5.5 3.8 1.3
Glaucoma 5.0 5.2 16.5
Diabetic Retinopathy 5.5 3.3 10
Age Related Macular Degeneration 0 3.3 8.9
Trachoma 6.1 0.5 1.3
Uncorrected Aphakia 0 1 3
Cataract Surgical Coverage % (Age and Sex Adjusted) 84.8 90.8 91
Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus % 43 22.4 29.7
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetics % 45.7 28.1 36.8
Prevalence of Diabetic Maculopathy among Diabetics % 17.1 13.1 20.3
Prevalence of Sight Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetics % 4.5 5.7 17.5

Source
*Hajar S, Al Hazmi A, Wasli M, Mousa A, Rabiu M. Prevalence and causes of blindness and diabetic retinopathy in Southern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2015 Apr;36(4):449-55. doi: 10.15537/smj.2015.4.10371. PMID: 25828282
**Al Ghamdi AH, Rabiu M, Hajar S, Yorston D, Kuper H, Polack S. Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and diabetic retinopathy in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012 Sep;96(9):1168-72. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301874. Epub 2012 Jul 11.PMID: 22790436


Countries' Survey Results

Nigeria Causes of blindness report Survey summary report  
Pakistan Causes of blindness survey Survey summary report Prevalence of blindness survey
Ethiopia Prevalence of blindness survey National Blindness and trachoma survey  
Jordan Blindness survey    
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